What Does “Heel” Mean? (And How To Improve Your Dog’s Heel)

Does your dog pull, zig-zag, or drag behind you on walks? If so, you’ll know how frustrating leash manners (or lack thereof) can be. Many owners assume that asking their dog to “heel” simply means “don’t pull”. But in reality, “heel” has a much more specific meaning in obedience training. When done correctly, it can completely change your walking experience with your pup.

In this article, we’ll explain exactly what heel means in dog training, why it’s an important skill, and how you can start improving your dog’s heel at home.

What does “Heel” mean?

In traditional obedience training, heel refers to a very specific position. The dog walks directly at your left side, with their shoulder aligned to your leg. They remain focused on you, moving as you move – stopping, turning, or speeding up when you do.

This isn’t the same as loose-leash walking. Loose-leash walking means the dog doesn’t pull, but they might still wander a step ahead, sniff, or drift slightly to the side. Heel, on the other hand, is a formal command. It’s about precision, focus, and teamwork between you and your dog.

Why is Heel important?

– It gives you control. You know exactly where your dog will be in any situation.

– It improves safety. Perfect heeling is vital when crossing roads, navigating crowds, or working near distractions.

– It is a great foundational behavior. Many advanced training exercises build from a solid heel position.

Common misconceptions about Heel

Heel is one of those terms that is commonly referenced but often misunderstood. Here are a few common misconceptions that it is important to clarify:

1. “Heel just means ‘don’t pull’.” This isn’t true. A dog can walk without pulling but still not be in heel. Heel is a structured, consistent position at your side.

2. “Any position next to me is fine.” Again, not quite. Heel requires alignment. If your dog is behind you or drifting ahead, they aren’t truly heeling.

3. “Heel is harsh or unnatural for dogs.” Some people think it is restrictive, but done correctly, heel is not about force. It’s about clear communication and eliminates any confusion for your dog.

Why teaching Heel benefits you and your dog

Teaching your dog to heel offers far more than just an impressive display on walks. A consistent heel helps manage distractions, preventing your dog from lunging at squirrels, bicycles, or other dogs. It also provides valuable mental stimulation; holding heel requires concentration, which can be just as tiring, if not more so, than physical exercise. Most importantly, practicing heel strengthens the bond of trust between you and your dog. As your dog learns to look to you for guidance and you reward their effort, your relationship deepens, making everyday interactions smoother and more enjoyable.

How to teach or improve Heel

If your dog doesn’t know heel yet, or if their heel could use improvement, here are some step-by-step tips.

1. Start in a low-distraction environment. Trying to teach heel in a busy park will frustrate both of you. As with many dog training commands, it is best to begin indoors or in your yard where your dog can focus.

2. Use markers and rewards. Choose a marker word (“yes!”) or clicker to signal when your dog is in the correct position. Use small, tasty treats to reward them for staying aligned at your side.

3. Introduce the command. Say “heel,” step forward, and reward when your dog stays in position. In the beginning, reward often (every few steps).

4. Keep sessions short. Three to five minutes is plenty at first. End on a positive note so your dog associates heel with success.

5. Gradually increase the difficulty. Once your dog understands how to heel in a quiet space, add distractions one at a time. Practice in your driveway, then your street, then a park. You can even begin practising around other dogs to truly test your dog’s focus.

6. Consistency is key. Don’t allow pulling sometimes, but then correct it at other times. It’s all-or-nothing. Consistency helps your dog understand the rules.

7. Make it fun. Incorporate games – speed up, slow down, or turn suddenly to keep your dog engaged. Celebrate small wins with praise and play.

8. Use professional help if needed. If your dog has a history of pulling or reactivity, working with a professional dog trainer can speed up progress and prevent mistakes.

Troubleshooting problems with Heel

Even with consistent practice, it is normal to encounter challenges when teaching your dog to heel. Below are some of the most common issues and how to address them.

Pulling ahead

If your dog constantly forges ahead, it usually means the environment is more rewarding than staying by your side. Slow down your walk, and stop moving forward when your dog pulls. Only resume walking once they return to the correct position. Reward generously for checking in with you. Using a clear verbal cue or clicker at the exact moment your dog is in position reinforces the idea that being next to you pays off.

Lagging behind

Some dogs (especially those who are nervous, anxious or distracted) may drag their feet. If your dog lags, encourage them with upbeat praise and use a high-value treat as a lure at your side. Keep sessions short and fun. Sometimes lagging happens because training feels like work. Incorporating play or short bursts of speed can reignite enthusiasm.

Cutting in front or wandering wide

Dogs learning heel sometimes drift too close in front of you or swing out too wide. When they cut in, gently guide them back to your side with your body position and reward them when they realign. For dogs who wander away from you, practice heeling near a wall, fence, or barrier so they learn to stay close without veering off.

Losing focus in distracting environments

A dog that heels perfectly in your living room may struggle at the park. This is normal at first – dogs don’t generalize behaviors easily. Gradually increase distractions by moving training sessions outdoors, then to busier areas. Always set your dog up for success – if distractions are too overwhelming, take a step back and work in a slightly easier environment before moving forward again.

Overexcitement at the start of walks

Dogs often get excited when the leash comes out, making it harder to start in a heel. Try practicing calm behavior before opening the door (this is great advice in general – not just for heeling!); ask your dog to sit and reward calmness before stepping outside. Beginning walks at a slower pace with frequent reinforcement helps set the tone for a successful heeling session.

In conclusion

Heel isn’t just another command. Implemented correctly, it’s a structured, powerful tool that improves safety, builds focus, and deepens the connection you share with your dog. By understanding what heel really means and practicing consistently, you can enjoy calmer, more enjoyable walks together.

If your dog pulls so much that walks are unpleasant, or if they’re reactive toward other dogs or people, it’s best to work with a professional dog trainer. At Highland Canine Training, our trainers have helped countless owners transform leash manners using proven, scientific methods. Find a trainer in your area today to see how they can help you and your dog.